What term is used to describe an occurrence that causes injury or damage?

The term "harmful event" accurately describes an occurrence that leads to injury or damage because it encompasses a broad range of incidents that can result in negative consequences for individuals or property. This term is used in various contexts, including legal, medical, and insurance, to signify any event that results in harm, ranging from accidents to intentional acts. By using the term "harmful event," one can discuss various scenarios leading to loss or injury without being restricted to specific legal definitions or contexts. This flexibility is crucial in understanding the scope of incidents that can impact individuals and necessitate responses from legal systems, insurance companies, or healthcare providers.

In contrast, the other choices are more specific or limited in nature. An injury report refers to the documentation created after an injury has occurred rather than the event itself. A negligent act specifically pertains to a failure to exercise appropriate care, which may lead to harm but does not cover all occurrences of injury or damage. An accident case implies a legal context, generally focusing on specific incidents where legal action is invoked, thus narrowing the broader definition of an occurrence resulting in injury or damage. Therefore, "harmful event" best captures the essence of the question.